---
title: It was closed by a massive iron gate, covered with rusty locks of di… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: It was closed by a massive iron gate, covered with rusty locks of divers workmanship, and in the fashion of different centuries, which had been affixed by the predecessors of Don Roderick. Who acts: massive iron gate, predecessors. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irvin
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 14

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It was closed by a massive iron gate, covered with rusty locks of divers workmanship, and in the fashion of different centuries, which had been affixed by the predecessors of Don Roderick.

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**Who acts:** massive iron gate, predecessors · **What happens:** close, cover, affix · **To what, where:** entrance, massive iron gate, different centuries

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (massive iron gate, predecessors), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:14
# text = It was closed by a massive iron gate, covered with rusty locks of divers workmanship, and in the fashion of different centuries, which had been affixed by the predecessors of Don Roderick.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	massive	massive	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	rusty	rusty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	locks	lock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	compound	_	_
16	workmanship	workmanship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	fashion	fashion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	centuries	century	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
28	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	affixed	affix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl	_	_
30	by	by	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	predecessors	predecessor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | past · passive | a massive iron gate | entrance |  |  |  | in the fashion of different centuries | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Patient in fashion=Topic |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | a massive iron gate *not said here* |  |  |  | with rusty locks of divers workmanship | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with lock=Theme |
| 3 | **affix** | past · perfect · passive | the predecessors of Don | different centuries |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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