---
title: There were no windows or other openings to admit the day, yet a radi… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: There were no windows or other openings to admit the day, yet a radiant light was spread throughout the place, which seemed to shine from the walls, and to render every object distinctly visible. Who acts: windows, place. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story o
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 45

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were no windows or other openings to admit the day, yet a radiant light was spread throughout the place, which seemed to shine from the walls, and to render every object distinctly visible.

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**Who acts:** windows, place · **What happens:** be, admit, spread, seem, shine, render · **To what, where:** radiant light, place, walls, object

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (windows, place), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:45
# text = There were no windows or other openings to admit the day, yet a radiant light was spread throughout the place, which seemed to shine from the walls, and to render every object distinctly visible.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	4	det	_	_
4	windows	window	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	openings	opening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	admit	admit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	radiant	radiant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux:pass	_	_
18	spread	spread	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
19	throughout	throughout	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	24	nsubj	_	_
24	seemed	seem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	acl:relcl	_	_
25	to	to	PART	TO	_	26	mark	_	_
26	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	24	xcomp	_	_
27	from	from	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	advcl	_	_
34	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	35	det	_	_
35	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
36	distinctly	distinctly	ADV	RB	_	37	advmod	_	_
37	visible	visible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | no windows or other openings |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **admit** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | no windows or other openings *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn confess-37.10 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spread** | past · passive |  | a radiant light |  | the place |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme throughout place=Destination |
| 4 | **seem** | past | the place |  |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute |
| 5 | **shine** | to-infinitive | the place *not said here* |  |  | the walls |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **render** | to-infinitive |  | every object |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent object=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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