---
title: “What have I to dread from a knowledge of the future?” replied Roder… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “What have I to dread from a knowledge of the future?” replied Roderick, with an air of haughty presumption. Who acts: Roderick. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 55

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“What have I to dread from a knowledge of the future?” replied Roderick, with an air of haughty presumption.

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**Who acts:** Roderick · **What happens:** have, dread, reply · **To what, where:** knowledge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roderick), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:55
# text = “What have I to dread from a knowledge of the future?” replied Roderick, with an air of haughty presumption.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	obj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	dread	dread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	future	future	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
15	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	with	with	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	haughty	haughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	presumption	presumption	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** *in a quote* | present | Roderick |  |  |  |  | What *obj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **dread** *in a quote* | to-infinitive | Roderick *not said here* |  |  | a knowledge of the future |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **reply** *speech: ask* | past | Roderick |  |  |  |  | with a air of haughty presumption | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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