---
title: Above them was inscribed in Greek characters, “Rash monarch! behold… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: Above them was inscribed in Greek characters, “Rash monarch! behold the men who are to hurl thee from thy throne, and subdue thy kingdom!” Who acts: men. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., with its dependency tree and
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 60

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Above them was inscribed in Greek characters, “Rash monarch! behold the men who are to hurl thee from thy throne, and subdue thy kingdom!”

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**Who acts:** men · **What happens:** inscribe, be, subdue · **To what, where:** backs, Greek characters, throne, kingdom

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:60
# text = Above them was inscribed in Greek characters, “Rash monarch! behold the men who are to hurl thee from thy throne, and subdue thy kingdom!”
1	Above	above	ADP	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	inscribed	inscribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	Greek	Greek	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Rash	rash	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	monarch	monarch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
13	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	15	discourse	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	hurl	hurl	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	19	obj	_	_
21	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	throne	throne	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	subdue	subdue	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
27	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	kingdom	kingdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **inscribe** | past · passive |  | backs *= back* |  | Greek characters  Rash monarch |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme in character=Destination |
| 2 | **is** *in a quote* | present | the men |  |  | thy throne |  | who *nsubj*; thee *obj*; hurl *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **subdue** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | thy kingdom |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kingdom=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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