---
title: It is furthermore recorded by ancient men and writers of former days… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: It is furthermore recorded by ancient men and writers of former days, that all those on whom this dust fell were afterwards slain in battle, when the country was conquered by the Arabs, and that the destruction of this necromantic tower was a sign and token of the approaching perdition of Spain. Who
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower., sentence 86

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It is furthermore recorded by ancient men and writers of former days, that all those on whom this dust fell were afterwards slain in battle, when the country was conquered by the Arabs, and that the destruction of this necromantic tower was a sign and token of the approaching perdition of Spain.

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**Who acts:** ancient men, dust, Arabs, destruction · **What happens:** record, fall, slay, conquer, be, approach · **To what, where:** whole, those, battle, country, sign, necromantic tower

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Story of the Marvellous and Portentous Tower.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ancient men, dust, Arabs, destruction), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:8:86
# text = It is furthermore recorded by ancient men and writers of former days, that all those on whom this dust fell were afterwards slain in battle, when the country was conquered by the Arabs, and that the destruction of this necromantic tower was a sign and token of the approaching perdition of Spain.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	furthermore	furthermore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	recorded	record	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	writers	writer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	former	former	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
15	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	16	det:predet	_	_
16	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nmod	_	_
19	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
20	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nsubj	_	_
21	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
22	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
23	afterwards	afterwards	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	slain	slay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
25	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	32	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl:relcl	_	_
33	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	Arabs	Arab	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
38	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
39	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	40	det	_	_
40	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nsubj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	44	det	_	_
43	necromantic	necromantic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nmod	_	_
45	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	47	cop	_	_
46	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	parataxis	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	49	cc	_	_
49	token	token	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	conj	_	_
50	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
52	approaching	approach	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	53	amod	_	_
53	perdition	perdition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	nmod	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **record** | present · passive | ancient men and writers of former days | whole |  |  |  | furthermore *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **fall** | past | this dust |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **slay** | past · passive |  | those |  | battle |  | afterwards *property* | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **conquer** | past · passive | the Arabs | the country |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 5 | **is a** | past | the destruction of this necromantic tower | a sign and token of the approaching perdition of Spain |  |  |  | token of the approaching perdition of Spain *conj* | tree rules |
| 6 | **approach** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **destroy** |  |  | this necromantic tower |  |  |  |  | nom destruction «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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