---
title: The Arab chieftain had been rendered confident by continual success,… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: The Arab chieftain had been rendered confident by continual success, and thought nothing could resist his arms and the sacred standard of the prophet. Who acts: continual success, nothing. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII., with its dependency tree 
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 10

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The Arab chieftain had been rendered confident by continual success, and thought nothing could resist his arms and the sacred standard of the prophet.

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**Who acts:** continual success, nothing · **What happens:** render, think, resist · **To what, where:** Arab chieftain, arms · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (continual success, nothing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:9:10
# text = The Arab chieftain had been rendered confident by continual success, and thought nothing could resist his arms and the sacred standard of the prophet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	chieftain	chieftain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	confident	confident	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	continual	continual	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	success	success	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	thought	think	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
14	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	16	nsubj	_	_
15	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	ccomp	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	sacred	sacred	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	standard	standard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past · perfect · passive | continual success | the Arab chieftain |  |  |  | confident *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | continual success *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **resist** | could | nothing | Almagreb's arms and the sacred standard of the prophet |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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