---
title: “This,” said he, bitterly, “is my reward for serving a tyrant; and t… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: “This,” said he, bitterly, “is my reward for serving a tyrant; and these are the honours heaped on me by my country, while fighting its battles in a foreign land. Who acts: This, reward, these, letter. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII., with its dep
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 24

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“This,” said he, bitterly, “is my reward for serving a tyrant; and these are the honours heaped on me by my country, while fighting its battles in a foreign land.

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**Who acts:** This, reward, these, letter · **What happens:** say, be, serve, heap, fight, battle · **To what, where:** reward, tyrant, honours, battles, foreign land · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (This, reward, these, letter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:9:24
# text = “This,” said he, bitterly, “is my reward for serving a tyrant; and these are the honours heaped on me by my country, while fighting its battles in a foreign land.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	bitterly	bitterly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
12	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
15	serving	serve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	acl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	23	nsubj	_	_
21	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	honours	honour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
24	heaped	heap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl	_	_
25	on	on	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
27	by	by	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
31	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
32	fighting	fight	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
33	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
34	battles	battle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | This |  |  |  |  | countenance *nsubj*; bitterly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | This *not said here* | my reward |  |  |  | my *nmod:poss* | tree rules |
| 3 | **serve** *in a quote* | gerund | my reward *not said here* | a tyrant |  |  |  |  | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tyrant=Attribute |
| 4 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | these | the honours |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **heap** *in a quote* | participle |  | the honours *not said here* |  |  |  | on me; by my country | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on i=Destination |
| 6 | **fight** *in a quote* | gerund | This *not said here* | letter's battles |  | a foreign land |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent battle=Co-Agent |
| 7 | **battle** *in a quote* |  | letter |  |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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- ← previous: [sentence 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/9/23/)
- next →: [sentence 25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/9/25/)
- ↑ back to [Chapter VIII.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg77685/9/)