---
title: A dark and malignant hatred entered into his soul, not only against… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: A dark and malignant hatred entered into his soul, not only against Don Roderick, but against all Spain: he looked upon it as the scene of his disgrace, a land in which his family was dishonoured: and, in seeking to avenge the wrongs he had suffered from his sovereign, he meditated against his nativ
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 28

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A dark and malignant hatred entered into his soul, not only against Don Roderick, but against all Spain: he looked upon it as the scene of his disgrace, a land in which his family was dishonoured: and, in seeking to avenge the wrongs he had suffered from his sovereign, he meditated against his native country one of the blackest schemes of treason that ever entered into the human heart.

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**Who acts:** dark hatred, hatred, family · **What happens:** enter, look, dishonour, seek, avenge, suffer · **To what, where:** soul, family, land, wrongs, sovereign, one

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dark hatred, hatred, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:9:28
# text = A dark and malignant hatred entered into his soul, not only against Don Roderick, but against all Spain: he looked upon it as the scene of his disgrace, a land in which his family was dishonoured: and, in seeking to avenge the wrongs he had suffered from his sovereign, he meditated against his native country one of the blackest schemes of treason that ever entered into the human heart.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	dark	dark	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	malignant	malignant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	hatred	hatred	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	only	only	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
13	against	against	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Don	Don	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
15	Roderick	Roderick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	det	_	_
20	Spain	Spain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	scene	scene	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	disgrace	disgrace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	appos	_	_
35	in	in	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obl	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux:pass	_	_
40	dishonoured	dishonour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	34	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	58	punct	_	_
42	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
44	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
45	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	58	advcl	_	_
46	to	to	PART	TO	_	47	mark	_	_
47	avenge	avenge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	xcomp	_	_
48	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	49	det	_	_
49	wrongs	wrong	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	47	obj	_	_
50	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	52	nsubj	_	_
51	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux	_	_
52	suffered	suffer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	49	acl:relcl	_	_
53	from	from	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	55	nmod:poss	_	_
55	sovereign	sovereign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
57	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
58	meditated	meditate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	conj	_	_
59	against	against	ADP	IN	_	62	case	_	_
60	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
61	native	native	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
62	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	_
63	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	58	obl	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
65	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
66	blackest	black	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	67	amod	_	_
67	schemes	scheme	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	nmod	_	_
68	of	of	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
69	treason	treason	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	67	nmod	_	_
70	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	72	obj	_	_
71	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	72	advmod	_	_
72	entered	enter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	69	acl:relcl	_	_
73	into	into	ADP	IN	_	76	case	_	_
74	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	76	det	_	_
75	human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	76	amod	_	_
76	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	72	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enter** | past | a dark hatred |  |  | hatred's soul against Don |  | against all Spain | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into soul=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **look** | past | hatred |  |  |  |  | upon soul; as the scene of hatred's disgrace | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent upon it=Theme |
| 3 | **dishonour** | past · passive |  | hatred's family |  | a land |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 4 | **seek** | gerund | family *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **avenge** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | family *not said here* | the wrongs |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **suffer** | past · perfect | family | the wrongs *not said here* |  | hatred's sovereign |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wrong=Stimulus |
| 7 | **meditate** | past | family | one of the blackest schemes of treason |  |  |  | against hatred's native country | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **enter** | past |  | treason |  | the human heart | ever |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme that=Destination |
| 9 | **disgrace** |  | hatred |  |  |  |  |  | nom disgrace «state transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **scheme** |  |  | treason |  |  |  |  | nom scheme «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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