---
title: They were led by an old Arab general, Muza ben Nosier, to whom was c… — Legends of the conquest of Spain · tree and pragmatics
description: They were led by an old Arab general, Muza ben Nosier, to whom was confided the government of Almagreb; most of which he had himself conquered. Who acts: Muza ben, most, Almagreb. A sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII., with its dependency tree and the p
---

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# Legends of the conquest of Spain, Chapter VIII., sentence 8

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They were led by an old Arab general, Muza ben Nosier, to whom was confided the government of Almagreb; most of which he had himself conquered.

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**Who acts:** Muza ben, most, Almagreb · **What happens:** lead, confide, have, conquer · **To what, where:** invaders, government, Almagreb

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This is a sentence of «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Chapter VIII.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Muza ben, most, Almagreb), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77685:9:8
# text = They were led by an old Arab general, Muza ben Nosier, to whom was confided the government of Almagreb; most of which he had himself conquered.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	general	general	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	Muza	Muza	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	ben	Ben	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	_
12	Nosier	Nosier	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	confided	confide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Almagreb	Almagreb	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
23	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	27	nsubj	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	23	nmod	_	_
26	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
28	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	_
29	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	27	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lead** | past · passive | Muza ben | invaders *= invader* |  |  |  |  | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
| 2 | **confide** *speech: other* | past · passive |  | the government of Almagreb |  |  |  | whom *nsubj:pass* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | most | Almagreb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **conquer** | participle | Almagreb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Legends of the conquest of Spain» by Washington Irving, Project Gutenberg book 77685 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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