---
title: On the way they met an old Horned Toad, who stopped them and said: — The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo I… · tree and pragmatics
description: On the way they met an old Horned Toad, who stopped them and said: Who acts: stone, old Horned Toad. A sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, The Maker of the Thunder-knives, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories, The Maker of the Thunder-knives, sentence 57

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On the way they met an old Horned Toad, who stopped them and said:

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**Who acts:** stone, old Horned Toad · **What happens:** meet, stop, say · **To what, where:** old Horned Toad, way, stone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, The Maker of the Thunder-knives. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stone, old Horned Toad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77804:12:57
# text = On the way they met an old Horned Toad, who stopped them and said:
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	Horned	horned	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **meet** | past | stone | a old Horned Toad |  | the way |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Co-Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | past | a old Horned Toad | stone |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Affector they=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | a old Horned Toad *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, Project Gutenberg book 77804 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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