---
title: [58] A challenge of this sort, with life as the stake, was very comm… — The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo I… · tree and pragmatics
description: [58] A challenge of this sort, with life as the stake, was very common among all Indians; and it was impossible for the challenged to decline. Who acts: 58 challenge. A sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, The Race of the Tails,
---

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# The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories, The Race of the Tails, sentence 15

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\[58\] A challenge of this sort, with life as the stake, was very common among all Indians; and it was impossible for the challenged to decline.

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**Who acts:** 58 challenge · **What happens:** be, challenge, decline · **To what, where:** sort

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This is a sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, The Race of the Tails. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (58 challenge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77804:16:15
# text = [58] A challenge of this sort, with life as the stake, was very common among all Indians; and it was impossible for the challenged to decline.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	58	58	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	challenge	challenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	sort	sort	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	stake	stake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
17	very	very	ADV	RB	_	18	advmod	_	_
18	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
19	among	among	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	Indians	Indian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	expl	_	_
25	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	conj	_	_
27	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	challenged	challenge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	advcl	_	_
30	to	to	PART	TO	_	31	mark	_	_
31	decline	decline	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | a 58 challenge of this sort and life as the stake |  |  |  |  | among all Indians; common *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | a 58 challenge of this sort and life as the stake *not said here* |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **challenge** | participle | a 58 challenge of this sort and life as the stake *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **decline** | to-infinitive | a 58 challenge of this sort and life as the stake *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 5 | **challenge** |  |  | this sort |  |  |  |  | nom challenge «state transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, Project Gutenberg book 77804 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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