---
title: Next morning he could see a stout young pine-tree growing at the bot… — The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Next morning he could see a stout young pine-tree growing at the bottom of the cliff, where he was very sure there had been no tree at all the day before. Who acts: cone, stout young pine tree. A sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lum
---

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# The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories, The Sobbing Pine, sentence 59

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Next morning he could see a stout young pine-tree growing at the bottom of the cliff, where he was very sure there had been no tree at all the day before.

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**Who acts:** cone, stout young pine tree · **What happens:** see, grow, be · **To what, where:** stout young pine tree, bottom, tree

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This is a sentence of «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, The Sobbing Pine. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cone, stout young pine tree), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg77804:28:59
# text = Next morning he could see a stout young pine-tree growing at the bottom of the cliff, where he was very sure there had been no tree at all the day before.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
3	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
7	stout	stout	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
9	pine	pine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
12	growing	grow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	acl	_	_
13	at	at	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	24	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	very	very	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
24	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
25	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	24	advmod	_	_
26	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux	_	_
27	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	29	cop	_	_
28	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	29	det	_	_
29	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	ccomp	_	_
30	at	at	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	33	det:predet	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
34	before	before	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | could | cone | a stout young pine tree |  |  | morning |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer tree=Stimulus |
| 2 | **grow** | gerund | a stout young pine tree *not said here* |  |  | the bottom of the cliff |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at bottom=Location |
| 3 | **is** | past | cone |  |  | there | day | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is a** | past · perfect | cone *not said here* | no tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The man who married the moon, and other Pueblo Indian folk-stories» by Charles Fletcher Lummis, Project Gutenberg book 77804 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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