---
title: “Winning Buddha’s Smile” is one of the oldest existing specimens of… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: “Winning Buddha’s Smile” is one of the oldest existing specimens of Korean literature. Who acts: Winning. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Opening, sentence 16

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“Winning Buddha’s Smile” is one of the oldest existing specimens of Korean literature.

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**Who acts:** Winning · **What happens:** win, be, exist · **To what, where:** Smile, one · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winning), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:1:16
# text = “Winning Buddha’s Smile” is one of the oldest existing specimens of Korean literature.
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Winning	win	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	csubj	_	_
3	Buddha	Buddha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	’s	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	Smile	Smile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	oldest	old	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
12	existing	exist	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	specimens	specimen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	Korean	korean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	literature	literature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **win** *in a quote* | gerund |  | Buddha's Smile |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smile=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Winning | one |  |  |  | of the oldest existing specimens of Korean literature | tree rules |
| 3 | **exist** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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