---
title: Both the author and date of its original composition are unknown, bu… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: Both the author and date of its original composition are unknown, but it is reasonably certain that it was well known in a dramatic form about the close of the fourteenth century. Who acts: author, composition. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmat
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Opening, sentence 17

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Both the author and date of its original composition are unknown, but it is reasonably certain that it was well known in a dramatic form about the close of the fourteenth century.

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**Who acts:** author, composition · **What happens:** be, know · **To what, where:** composition, dramatic form

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (author, composition), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:1:17
# text = Both the author and date of its original composition are unknown, but it is reasonably certain that it was well known in a dramatic form about the close of the fourteenth century.
1	Both	both	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc:preconj	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	author	author	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	date	date	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	original	original	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	composition	composition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
16	reasonably	reasonably	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	_
18	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj:pass	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux:pass	_	_
21	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	22	advmod	_	_
22	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	dramatic	dramatic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	about	about	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	close	close	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nmod	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	fourteenth	fourteenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	century	century	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the author and date of date's original composition |  |  |  |  | unknown *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | composition |  |  |  |  | certain, reasonably *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | past · passive |  | composition |  | a dramatic form about the close of the fourteenth century |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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