---
title: He has attempted to preserve the simple, child-like form of the narr… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: He has attempted to preserve the simple, child-like form of the narrative and has made few alterations in it, and these only when clearness and the English idiom required them. Who acts: translator, clearness. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening, with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Opening, sentence 21

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He has attempted to preserve the simple, child-like form of the narrative and has made few alterations in it, and these only when clearness and the English idiom required them.

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**Who acts:** translator, clearness · **What happens:** attempt, preserve, make, require, form · **To what, where:** simple like form, few alterations, narrative, alterations

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (translator, clearness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:1:21
# text = He has attempted to preserve the simple, child-like form of the narrative and has made few alterations in it, and these only when clearness and the English idiom required them.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	attempted	attempt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	preserve	preserve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
7	simple	simple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	narrative	narrative	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	aux	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
19	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	alterations	alteration	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
25	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
26	only	only	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
27	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	28	advmod	_	_
28	clearness	clearness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	idiom	idiom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
33	required	require	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **attempt** | present · perfect | translator |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **preserve** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | translator *not said here* | the simple like form of the narrative |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent form=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **make** | present · perfect | translator *not said here* | few alterations |  | narrative |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset alteration=Product |
| 4 | **require** | past | this clearness and the English idiom | alterations *= alteration* |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme they=Precondition |
| 5 | **form** |  |  | the narrative |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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