---
title: He was not long in learning that his mother and his wife, unjustly a… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: He was not long in learning that his mother and his wife, unjustly accused of theft, were in a prison cell and were to be put to death the very next morning. Who acts: San. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, sentence 107

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He was not long in learning that his mother and his wife, unjustly accused of theft, were in a prison cell and were to be put to death the very next morning.

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**Who acts:** San · **What happens:** not be, learn, accuse, be, put · **To what, where:** mother, wife, prison cell

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (San), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:11:109
# text = He was not long in learning that his mother and his wife, unjustly accused of theft, were in a prison cell and were to be put to death the very next morning.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	unjustly	unjustly	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	theft	theft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
19	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
27	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	conj	_	_
29	to	to	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
32	very	very	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
33	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | past | San |  |  |  |  | long *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | gerund | San *not said here* | San's mother and San's wife |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Topic |
| 3 | **accuse** | participle |  | San's wife *not said here* |  |  |  | of theft; unjustly *property* | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent of theft=Attribute |
| 4 | **is** | past | San *not said here* |  |  | a prison cell |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **put** | past · passive | San *not said here* |  |  |  | morning | to death | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP» |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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