---
title: Before employing this ruse, San-Syeng had ordered his servant to com… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: Before employing this ruse, San-Syeng had ordered his servant to come early the next day with his master’s horse and take his place before the prison gates. Who acts: San. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, sentence 111

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Before employing this ruse, San-Syeng had ordered his servant to come early the next day with his master’s horse and take his place before the prison gates.

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**Who acts:** San · **What happens:** employ, order, come, take · **To what, where:** ruse, San, place, prison gates

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (San), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:11:113
# text = Before employing this ruse, San-Syeng had ordered his servant to come early the next day with his master’s horse and take his place before the prison gates.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	employing	employ	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
3	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	4	det	_	_
4	ruse	ruse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	San	San	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Syeng	Syeng	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	ordered	order	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
15	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	14	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl:unmarked	_	_
19	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
21	master	master	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’s	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	before	before	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
30	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	compound	_	_
31	gates	gate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **employ** | gerund |  | this ruse |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ruse=Theme |
| 2 | **order** | past · perfect · passive |  | San |  |  |  | San's servant *obj* | tree rules |
| 3 | **come** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | San *not said here* |  |  |  | day | with San's master's horse; early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **take** | infinitive | San *not said here* | San's place |  | the prison gates |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent place=Theme before gate=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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