---
title: The young man did not make light of the difficulties that lay before… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: The young man did not make light of the difficulties that lay before him, but he resolved to bend all his efforts toward accomplishing his heart’s desires. Who acts: young man, difficulties, man, heart. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, with its dependency tree 
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9, sentence 84

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The young man did not make light of the difficulties that lay before him, but he resolved to bend all his efforts toward accomplishing his heart’s desires.

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**Who acts:** young man, difficulties, man, heart · **What happens:** not make, lay, resolve, bend, accomplish, light · **To what, where:** light, efforts, desires, difficulties

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (young man, difficulties, man, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:11:86
# text = The young man did not make light of the difficulties that lay before him, but he resolved to bend all his efforts toward accomplishing his heart’s desires.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	difficulties	difficulty	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
16	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
18	resolved	resolve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	xcomp	_	_
21	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	23	det:predet	_	_
22	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	efforts	effort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
25	accomplishing	accomplish	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	desires	desire	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **make** | past · do-support | the young man | light of the difficulties |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Product |
| 2 | **lay** | present | the difficulties |  |  |  | before man |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent before he=Destination |
| 3 | **resolve** | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **bend** | to-infinitive | man *not said here* | man's efforts |  |  |  |  | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent effort=Material |
| 5 | **accomplish** | gerund | man *not said here* | man's heart's desires |  |  |  |  | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent desire=Eventuality |
| 6 | **light** |  |  | the difficulties |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
| 7 | **desire** |  | man's heart |  |  |  |  |  | nom desire «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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