---
title: He had seen himself surrounded by tongues of flame and his head, sev… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: He had seen himself surrounded by tongues of flame and his head, severed from his body, was boiling in a large copper kettle. Who acts: Rung. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10, sentence 14

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He had seen himself surrounded by tongues of flame and his head, severed from his body, was boiling in a large copper kettle.

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**Who acts:** Rung · **What happens:** see, surround, sever, boil · **To what, where:** Rung, tongues

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rung), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:12:14
# text = He had seen himself surrounded by tongues of flame and his head, severed from his body, was boiling in a large copper kettle.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	seen	see	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	_
5	surrounded	surround	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	tongues	tongue	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:agent	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	severed	sever	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	boiling	boil	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
23	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
24	copper	copper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	kettle	kettle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past · perfect | Rung | Rung |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer himself=Stimulus |
| 2 | **surround** | participle | Rung *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tongues of flame and Rung's head *obl:agent* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **sever** | participle |  | tongues of flame and Rung's head *not said here* |  |  |  | from Rung's body | vn separate-23.1 «NP V ADVP-Middle PP»: agent=Patient from body=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **boil** | past · progressive | Rung *not said here* |  |  |  |  | in a large copper kettle | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient in kettle=Instrument |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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