---
title: Su-Rung, much surprised, could not imagine that his adopted son had… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: Su-Rung, much surprised, could not imagine that his adopted son had been elevated to the dignity of a King’s envoy, so he replied, coolly: Who acts: Su, King. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10, sentence 24

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Su-Rung, much surprised, could not imagine that his adopted son had been elevated to the dignity of a King’s envoy, so he replied, coolly:

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**Who acts:** Su, King · **What happens:** not imagine, adopt, elevate, reply · **To what, where:** adopted son, dignity

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Su, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:12:24
# text = Su-Rung, much surprised, could not imagine that his adopted son had been elevated to the dignity of a King’s envoy, so he replied, coolly:
1	Su	Su	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Rung	Rung	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	surprised	surprised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	imagine	imagine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	adopted	adopt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	amod	_	_
14	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	elevated	elevate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	dignity	dignity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’s	's	PART	POS	_	23	case	_	_
25	envoy	envoy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	so	so	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	replied	reply	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	coolly	coolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **imagine** | could | Su and Rung |  |  |  |  |  | vn wish-62 «NP V for NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **adopt** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **elevate** | past · perfect · passive |  | Rung's adopted son |  | the dignity of a King's envoy |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to dignity=Destination |
| 4 | **reply** *speech: assert* | past | King |  |  |  |  | coolly *property* | vn respond-113 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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