---
title: It causes destruction beyond measure, and it is impossible to count… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: It causes destruction beyond measure, and it is impossible to count the innocent ones who perish on the battlefield and at home. Who acts: war, innocent ones. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 11, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 11, sentence 25

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It causes destruction beyond measure, and it is impossible to count the innocent ones who perish on the battlefield and at home.

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**Who acts:** war, innocent ones · **What happens:** cause, be, count, perish · **To what, where:** destruction, innocent ones, battlefield

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (war, innocent ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:13:25
# text = It causes destruction beyond measure, and it is impossible to count the innocent ones who perish on the battlefield and at home.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	destruction	destruction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	measure	measure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	expl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	count	count	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	csubj	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	innocent	innocent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	perish	perish	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	battlefield	battlefield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	home	home	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present | war | destruction |  |  |  | beyond measure | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition destruction=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **count** | to-infinitive |  | the innocent ones |  |  |  |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 4 | **perish** | present | the innocent ones |  |  | the battlefield and home |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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