---
title: From having shed so many tears, Sun became blind. — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: From having shed so many tears, Sun became blind. Who acts: Sun. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 2, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 2, sentence 44

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From having shed so many tears, Sun became blind.

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**Who acts:** Sun · **What happens:** have, shed, become · **To what, where:** shed many tears

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:4:44
# text = From having shed so many tears, Sun became blind.
1	From	from	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
3	shed	shed	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
4	so	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	Sun	Sun	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	blind	blind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund | Sun *not said here* | shed many tears |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tear=Patient |
| 2 | **shed** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source |
| 3 | **become** | past | Sun |  |  |  |  | blind *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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