---
title: Renouncing the powers of peaceful persuasion, he resolved to employ… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: Renouncing the powers of peaceful persuasion, he resolved to employ force. Who acts: reception. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 6, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 6, sentence 14

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Renouncing the powers of peaceful persuasion, he resolved to employ force.

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**Who acts:** reception · **What happens:** renounce, resolve, employ · **To what, where:** powers, force

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 6. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (reception), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:8:14
# text = Renouncing the powers of peaceful persuasion, he resolved to employ force.
1	Renouncing	renounce	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	advcl	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	powers	power	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	peaceful	peaceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	persuasion	persuasion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	resolved	resolve	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	employ	employ	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **renounce** | gerund | reception *not said here* | the powers of peaceful persuasion |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Source |
| 2 | **resolve** | past | reception |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **employ** | to-infinitive | reception *not said here* | force |  |  |  |  | vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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