---
title: Ki-Si, whom Ja-Jo-Mi believed to be dead, was keeping under cover at… — Winning Buddha's smile · tree and pragmatics
description: Ki-Si, whom Ja-Jo-Mi believed to be dead, was keeping under cover at the little town of Chang-Yang. Who acts: Ki. A sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 7, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78208/9/197/)

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# Winning Buddha's smile, Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 7, sentence 197

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Ki-Si, whom Ja-Jo-Mi believed to be dead, was keeping under cover at the little town of Chang-Yang.

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**Who acts:** Ki · **What happens:** believe, be, keep · **To what, where:** cover · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Winning Buddha's smile», Winning Buddha’s Smile, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78208:9:199
# text = Ki-Si, whom Ja-Jo-Mi believed to be dead, was keeping under cover at the little town of Chang-Yang.
1	Ki	Ki	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	Si	Si	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	obj	_	_
6	Ja	Ja	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	Jo	Jo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	Mi	Mi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	believed	believe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	ccomp	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	cover	cover	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
20	at	at	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Chang	Chang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	27	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	Yang	Yang	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **believe** | past | Ki and Si |  |  |  |  | whom *obj*; Ja and Mi *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | Ki and Si *not said here* |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | past · progressive |  |  |  | cover |  | at the little town of Chang and Yang | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent under cover=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Winning Buddha's smile», Project Gutenberg book 78208 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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