---
title: Thus we read that Cuchullain, when going forth to his last battle, h… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Thus we read that Cuchullain, when going forth to his last battle, heard a choir of angels singing above that hill on which the cathedral of Armagh was destined one day to stand; that he was pleased by the anthem, and that his pleasure in it was accepted as a homage of good-will. Who acts: we, angel
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 1, sentence 117

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Thus we read that Cuchullain, when going forth to his last battle, heard a choir of angels singing above that hill on which the cathedral of Armagh was destined one day to stand; that he was pleased by the anthem, and that his pleasure in it was accepted as a homage of good-will.

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**Who acts:** we, angels, Armagh, Cuchullain · **What happens:** read, go, hear, sing, destine, stand · **To what, where:** Cuchullain, last battle, choir, hill, cathedral, pleasure

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, angels, Armagh, Cuchullain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:1:121
# text = Thus we read that Cuchullain, when going forth to his last battle, heard a choir of angels singing above that hill on which the cathedral of Armagh was destined one day to stand; that he was pleased by the anthem, and that his pleasure in it was accepted as a homage of good-will.
1	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	Cuchullain	Cuchullain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
8	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	angels	angel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
20	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	19	acl	_	_
21	above	above	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	23	det	_	_
23	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
24	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	31	obl	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	cathedral	cathedral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj:pass	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Armagh	Armagh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux:pass	_	_
31	destined	destine	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	23	acl:relcl	_	_
32	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obl:unmarked	_	_
34	to	to	PART	TO	_	35	mark	_	_
35	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	40	nsubj	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
40	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	_
41	by	by	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	anthem	anthem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
46	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	52	mark	_	_
47	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	48	nmod:poss	_	_
48	pleasure	pleasure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nsubj:pass	_	_
49	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nmod	_	_
51	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	aux:pass	_	_
52	accepted	accept	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	parataxis	_	_
53	as	as	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
54	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	homage	homage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	obl	_	_
56	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	59	mark	_	_
57	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	59	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	57	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	55	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | we | Cuchullain |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | we *not said here* |  |  | Cuchullain's last battle |  | forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to battle=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **hear** | past | we *not said here* | a choir of angels |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer choir=Stimulus |
| 4 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | angels *not said here* |  |  | that hill |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above hill=Location |
| 5 | **destine** | past · passive |  | the cathedral of Armagh |  | that hill | day |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **stand** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **is** | past | Armagh |  |  |  |  | by the anthem; pleased *property* | tree rules |
| 8 | **accept** | past · passive |  | Armagh's pleasure in cathedral |  |  |  | as a homage | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as homage=Attribute |
| 9 | **battle** |  | Cuchullain |  |  |  |  |  | nom battle «act transitive»: poss=agent |
| 10 | **please** |  | Armagh |  |  | cathedral |  |  | nom pleasure «feeling transitive»: poss=agent in=place |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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