---
title: He has not to avenge that friend, but to encounter and lay him low w… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: He has not to avenge that friend, but to encounter and lay him low when the invader of Uladh. Who acts: Cuchullain. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 1, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 1, sentence 74

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He has not to avenge that friend, but to encounter and lay him low when the invader of Uladh.

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**Who acts:** Cuchullain · **What happens:** have, not avenge, encounter, lay · **To what, where:** friend, Cuchullain

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 1. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cuchullain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:1:78
# text = He has not to avenge that friend, but to encounter and lay him low when the invader of Uladh.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	avenge	avenge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	7	det	_	_
7	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	encounter	encounter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obj	_	_
15	low	low	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	invader	invader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Uladh	Uladh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cuchullain |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **avenge** | to-infinitive | Cuchullain *not said here* | that friend |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **encounter** | to-infinitive | Cuchullain *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **lay** | infinitive | Cuchullain *not said here* | Cuchullain |  |  |  | low *property* | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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