---
title: Straight, with help It may be, of the bards, Saint Kiaran wrote The… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Straight, with help It may be, of the bards, Saint Kiaran wrote The Heroic Song on parchment fine, the skin Of one he loved, his ‘little heifer grey’ That gave the book its name. Who acts: help, Saint, That. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubre
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 10, sentence 102

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Straight, with help It may be, of the bards, Saint Kiaran wrote The Heroic Song on parchment fine, the skin Of one he loved, his ‘little heifer grey’ That gave the book its name.

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**Who acts:** help, Saint, That · **What happens:** be, write, love, give, name · **To what, where:** Heroic Song, parchment, book

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (help, Saint, That), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:10:105
# text = Straight, with help It may be, of the bards, Saint Kiaran wrote The Heroic Song on parchment fine, the skin Of one he loved, his ‘little heifer grey’ That gave the book its name.
1	Straight	straight	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
5	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
6	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	bards	bard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
13	Saint	Saint	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
14	Kiaran	Kiaran	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	flat	_	_
15	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	Heroic	heroic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	Song	song	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	parchment	parchment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
21	fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
25	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	24	nmod	_	_
27	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	37	nmod:poss	_	_
31	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	34	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	heifer	heifer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	obl:unmarked	_	_
34	grey	grey	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	34	punct	_	_
36	That	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	37	nsubj	_	_
37	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	book	book	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	_
40	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | may | help |  |  |  |  | of the bards | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | past | Saint | the Heroic Song |  | parchment |  | with help and the bards; straight *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent song=Theme on parchment=Destination |
| 3 | **love** | past | saint |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **give** | past | That | the book |  |  |  | saint *nmod:poss*; help's name *obj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent book=Recipient name=Theme |
| 5 | **name** |  | help |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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