---
title: The high-heaped seas Vanquished by frost, beneath her iron spell Aba… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: The high-heaped seas Vanquished by frost, beneath her iron spell Abased their haughty crests by slow degrees: The swans were frozen upon that ice-plain frore; Yet still Finola sang, as oft before, Who acts: iron spell, Finola, calamity. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 10, sentence 11

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The high-heaped seas Vanquished by frost, beneath her iron spell Abased their haughty crests by slow degrees: The swans were frozen upon that ice-plain frore; Yet still Finola sang, as oft before,

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**Who acts:** iron spell, Finola, calamity · **What happens:** heap, vanquish, abase, freeze, sing, spell · **To what, where:** heaped seas, haughty crests

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (iron spell, Finola, calamity), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:10:11
# text = The high-heaped seas Vanquished by frost, beneath her iron spell Abased their haughty crests by slow degrees: The swans were frozen upon that ice-plain frore; Yet still Finola sang, as oft before,
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	heaped	heap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	seas	sea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	Vanquished	vanquish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	frost	frost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	beneath	beneath	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	spell	spell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
14	Abased	abase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl	_	_
15	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
16	haughty	haughty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	crests	crest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
18	by	by	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	slow	slow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
22	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	swans	swan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
26	upon	upon	SCONJ	IN	_	31	mark	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	31	nsubj	_	_
28	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	plain	plain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	frore	frore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	36	punct	_	_
33	Yet	yet	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
34	still	still	ADV	RB	_	36	advmod	_	_
35	Finola	Finola	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nsubj	_	_
36	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
38	as	as	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
39	oft	oft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	36	xcomp	_	_
40	before	before	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heap** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **vanquish** | participle |  | the heaped seas *not said here* |  |  |  | by frost; beneath calamity's iron spell | tree rules |
| 3 | **abase** | participle | calamity's iron spell *not said here* | seas's haughty crests |  |  |  | by slow degrees | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crest=Patient |
| 4 | **freeze** | past · passive |  | the heaped seas |  |  |  | the swans *nsubj:pass* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 5 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | Finola |  |  |  | still | oft *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location |
| 6 | **spell** |  | calamity |  |  |  |  |  | nom spell «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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