---
title: There where the towers of Lir of old had stood Lay now the stony hea… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: There where the towers of Lir of old had stood Lay now the stony heap and rain-washed rath; And through the ruin-mantling alder-wood The forest beast had stamped in mire his path; And desolate were their mother’s happy bowers, So fair of old with fountains and with flowers! Who acts: towers, mantlin
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 10, sentence 33

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There where the towers of Lir of old had stood Lay now the stony heap and rain-washed rath; And through the ruin-mantling alder-wood The forest beast had stamped in mire his path; And desolate were their mother’s happy bowers, So fair of old with fountains and with flowers!

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**Who acts:** towers, mantling alder wood · **What happens:** stand, wash, mantle, stamp, desolate, be · **To what, where:** Lay, mantling alder wood, forest beast, mire, mother happy bowers

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 10. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (towers, mantling alder wood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:10:33
# text = There where the towers of Lir of old had stood Lay now the stony heap and rain-washed rath; And through the ruin-mantling alder-wood The forest beast had stamped in mire his path; And desolate were their mother’s happy bowers, So fair of old with fountains and with flowers!
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	10	expl	_	_
2	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	towers	tower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Lir	Lir	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	obl	_	_
9	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	stood	stand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
11	Lay	Lay	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	stony	stony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	heap	heap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	washed	wash	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	rath	rath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
22	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
23	through	through	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
25	ruin	ruin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	mantling	mantle	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	30	amod	_	_
28	alder	alder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	28	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
31	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	_
33	beast	beast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj:pass	_	_
34	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
35	stamped	stamp	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	acl:relcl	_	_
36	in	in	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	mire	mire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
40	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
41	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	desolate	desolate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	parataxis	_	_
43	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	45	cop	_	_
44	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	45	nmod:poss	_	_
45	mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
46	’s	's	PART	POS	_	45	case	_	_
47	happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	amod	_	_
48	bowers	bower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
49	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
50	So	so	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
51	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
52	of	of	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	obl	_	_
54	with	with	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	53	obl	_	_
56	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
57	with	with	ADP	IN	_	58	case	_	_
58	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand** | past · perfect | the towers of Lir | Lay |  | the mantling alder wood; there | now | of old; the stony heap and washed rath *obl* | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent lay=Theme through wood=Destination |
| 2 | **wash** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | rain *compound* | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **mantle** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | ruin *compound* | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **stamp** | past · perfect · passive | the mantling alder wood *not said here* | the forest beast |  | mire |  | Lay's path *obj* | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme path=Result |
| 5 | **desolate** | infinitive |  | mother happy bowers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | 's wood's mother; wood *nmod:poss* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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