---
title: Next morn again the invaders marched, nor knew What foe was he who,… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Next morn again the invaders marched, nor knew What foe was he who, mocking, thinned their ranks, Trampled their pride; who, lacking spear and car, Viewless by day, by night a fleeting fire, Dragged down their mightiest, in the death cry shrill Drowning the revel. Who acts: invaders, foe. A sentence
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 11, sentence 180

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Next morn again the invaders marched, nor knew What foe was he who, mocking, thinned their ranks, Trampled their pride; who, lacking spear and car, Viewless by day, by night a fleeting fire, Dragged down their mightiest, in the death cry shrill Drowning the revel.

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**Who acts:** invaders, foe · **What happens:** march, know, mock, thin, trample, lack · **To what, where:** Next morn, ranks, pride, spear, fleeting fire, death

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (invaders, foe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:11:182
# text = Next morn again the invaders marched, nor knew What foe was he who, mocking, thinned their ranks, Trampled their pride; who, lacking spear and car, Viewless by day, by night a fleeting fire, Dragged down their mightiest, in the death cry shrill Drowning the revel.
1	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	morn	morn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	again	again	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	marched	march	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	9	cc	_	_
9	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	9	obj	_	_
11	foe	foe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	mocking	mock	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	thinned	thin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	ranks	rank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
22	Trampled	trample	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	conj	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	pride	pride	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	28	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	lacking	lack	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
29	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
33	Viewless	Viewless	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
34	by	by	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
37	by	by	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	_
39	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	41	det	_	_
40	fleeting	fleeting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	41	amod	_	_
41	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
43	Dragged	drag	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
44	down	down	ADP	RP	_	43	compound:prt	_	_
45	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	mightiest	mighty	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
48	in	in	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	obl	_	_
51	cry	cry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	43	advcl	_	_
52	shrill	shrill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	51	xcomp	_	_
53	Drowning	drown	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	52	advcl	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	revel	revel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **march** | past | the invaders | Next morn |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | past | the invaders *not said here* |  |  |  |  | What *obj* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer what=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mock** | past · progressive | foe |  |  |  |  | who *nsubj* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **thin** | past | the invaders *not said here* | invaders's ranks |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent rank=Patient |
| 5 | **trample** | participle | the invaders *not said here* | invaders's pride |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **lack** | gerund |  | spear and car |  |  | day | Viewless *obl*; who *nsubj* | tree rules |
| 7 | **drag down** | participle · passive |  | a fleeting fire |  |  | night |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive |  |  |  | the death |  | shrill *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in death=Location |
| 9 | **drown** | gerund |  | the revel |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent revel=Patient |
| 10 | **pride** |  | invaders *= invader* |  |  |  |  |  | nom pride «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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