---
title: ‘He shook the reins: He called the horses by their names well-known:… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: ‘He shook the reins: He called the horses by their names well-known: He dashed through Eman’s gateway as a storm: Far off a darksome wood and darksome tower Frowned over Mallok’s wave: therein abode Three bandit chieftains, foes to man: well pleased Those bandits eyed the on-rushing car, and youth, 
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 11, sentence 219

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘He shook the reins: He called the horses by their names well-known: He dashed through Eman’s gateway as a storm: Far off a darksome wood and darksome tower Frowned over Mallok’s wave: therein abode Three bandit chieftains, foes to man: well pleased Those bandits eyed the on-rushing car, and youth, Exulting in their prey: arrived, with gibes He summoned them to judgment: forth they thronged, They and their clan: he slew them with his sling, The three; and severed with his sword their heads, And fixed them on the chariot’s front.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** car, bandits, reins, Mallok · **What happens:** shake, call, know, dash, frown, abode · **To what, where:** reins, horses, names, gateway, darksome wood, wave · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 11. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (car, bandits, reins, Mallok), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:11:221
# text = ‘He shook the reins: He called the horses by their names well-known: He dashed through Eman’s gateway as a storm: Far off a darksome wood and darksome tower Frowned over Mallok’s wave: therein abode Three bandit chieftains, foes to man: well pleased Those bandits eyed the on-rushing car, and youth, Exulting in their prey: arrived, with gibes He summoned them to judgment: forth they thronged, They and their clan: he slew them with his sling, The three; and severed with his sword their heads, And fixed them on the chariot’s front.
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shook	shake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reins	rein	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
14	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	dashed	dash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
21	Eman	Eman	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’s	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	gateway	gateway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	as	as	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	Far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	32	advmod	_	_
29	off	off	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
30	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
31	darksome	darksome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	darksome	darksome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	35	amod	_	_
35	tower	tower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
36	Frowned	frown	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	32	acl	_	_
37	over	over	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
38	Mallok	Mallok	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	’s	's	PART	POS	_	38	case	_	_
40	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
41	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	43	punct	_	_
42	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
43	abode	abode	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	19	parataxis	_	_
44	Three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	46	nummod	_	_
45	bandit	bandit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	compound	_	_
46	chieftains	chieftain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
48	foes	foe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	conj	_	_
49	to	to	ADP	TO	_	50	case	_	_
50	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
51	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	53	punct	_	_
52	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	53	advmod	_	_
53	pleased	pleased	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	50	acl:relcl	_	_
54	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	55	det	_	_
55	bandits	bandit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	56	nsubj	_	_
56	eyed	eye	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	53	ccomp	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
58	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	60	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
59	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	58	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
60	rushing	rush	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	61	amod	_	_
61	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
63	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	64	cc	_	_
64	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	43	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	66	punct	_	_
66	Exulting	exult	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	43	conj	_	_
67	in	in	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	69	nmod:poss	_	_
69	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	66	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
70	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	71	punct	_	_
71	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	66	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
73	with	with	ADP	IN	_	74	case	_	_
74	gibes	gibe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	obl	_	_
75	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	76	nsubj	_	_
76	summoned	summon	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	71	conj	_	_
77	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	76	obj	_	_
78	to	to	ADP	IN	_	79	case	_	_
79	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
80	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	83	punct	_	_
81	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	83	advmod	_	_
82	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	83	nsubj	_	_
83	thronged	throng	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	79	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	85	punct	_	_
85	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	83	nsubj	_	_
86	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	88	cc	_	_
87	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	88	nmod:poss	_	_
88	clan	clan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	85	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
89	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	91	punct	_	_
90	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	91	nsubj	_	_
91	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
92	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	91	obj	_	_
93	with	with	ADP	IN	_	95	case	_	_
94	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	95	nmod:poss	_	_
95	sling	sling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	91	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
96	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	98	punct	_	_
97	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	98	det	_	_
98	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	95	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
99	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	101	punct	_	_
100	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	101	cc	_	_
101	severed	sever	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
102	with	with	ADP	IN	_	104	case	_	_
103	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	104	nmod:poss	_	_
104	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	101	obl	_	_
105	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	106	nmod:poss	_	_
106	heads	head	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	104	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
107	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	109	punct	_	_
108	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	109	cc	_	_
109	fixed	fix	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	101	conj	_	_
110	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	109	obj	_	_
111	on	on	ADP	IN	_	115	case	_	_
112	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	113	det	_	_
113	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	115	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
114	’s	's	PART	POS	_	113	case	_	_
115	front	front	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	109	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shake** | past | car | the reins |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent rein=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | past | car |  | the horses |  |  | by reins's names | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent horse=Recipient |
| 3 | **know** | participle |  | reins's names *not said here* |  |  |  | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **dash** | past | car |  |  | Eman's gateway |  | as a storm | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through gateway=Trajectory |
| 5 | **frown** | participle |  | a darksome wood and darksome tower *not said here* |  | Mallok's wave |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **abode** | infinitive |  | Three bandit chieftains and foes |  |  |  | to man; youth *obl*; therein *property* | tree rules |
| 7 | **eye** | past | that bandits | the rushing car |  |  |  |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer car=Stimulus |
| 8 | **rush** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 9 | **exult** | gerund |  |  |  | bandits's prey |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 10 | **arrive** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 11 | **summon** | past | car | bandits *= bandit* |  |  |  | with gibes; to judgment | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient |
| 12 | **throng** | past | bandits *= bandit* | judgment *not said here* |  |  |  | forth *property* | tree rules |
| 13 | **slay** | past | car | bandits *= bandit* |  |  |  | with car's sling | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent they=Patient with sling=Instrument |
| 14 | **sever** | past |  |  |  |  |  | with car's sword and bandits's heads | vn separate-23.1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 15 | **fix** | past |  | bandits *= bandit* |  | the chariot's front |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
| 16 | **name** |  | reins *= rein* |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
| 17 | **wave** |  | Mallok |  |  |  |  |  | nom wave «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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