---
title: Happy days gone by They changed to grief and shame. — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Happy days gone by They changed to grief and shame. Who acts: Happy days, Spirits. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 12, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 12, sentence 107

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Happy days gone by They changed to grief and shame.

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**Who acts:** Happy days, Spirits · **What happens:** go, change

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 12. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Happy days, Spirits), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:12:109
# text = Happy days gone by They changed to grief and shame.
1	Happy	happy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	grief	grief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	shame	shame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | participle | Happy days |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **change** | past | Spirits *= spirit* |  |  |  |  | to grief and shame *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Agent to grief=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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