---
title: To these in dread response Thundered far off from sea-caves billow-b… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: To these in dread response Thundered far off from sea-caves billow-beat And halls rock-vaulted ’neath the eternal hills, That race Tuatha, giant once, long since To pigmy changed, that forge from molten ores For aye their clanging weapons, shield or spear, On stony anvils, waiting still their day Of
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 13, sentence 181

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To these in dread response Thundered far off from sea-caves billow-beat And halls rock-vaulted ’neath the eternal hills, That race Tuatha, giant once, long since To pigmy changed, that forge from molten ores For aye their clanging weapons, shield or spear, On stony anvils, waiting still their day Of vengeance on the Gael.

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**Who acts:** pigmy, that · **What happens:** thunder, vault, change, forge, wait · **To what, where:** dread response, sea caves, rock, race Tuatha, molten ores

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pigmy, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:13:183
# text = To these in dread response Thundered far off from sea-caves billow-beat And halls rock-vaulted ’neath the eternal hills, That race Tuatha, giant once, long since To pigmy changed, that forge from molten ores For aye their clanging weapons, shield or spear, On stony anvils, waiting still their day Of vengeance on the Gael.
1	To	to	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	dread	dread	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	response	response	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	Thundered	thunder	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	far	far	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
8	off	off	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
13	billow	billow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	beat	beat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	halls	hall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
18	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	vaulted	vault	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	18	acl	_	_
21	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	neath	neath	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	eternal	eternal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
27	That	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	28	det	_	_
28	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	compound	_	_
29	Tuatha	Tuatha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
31	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	amod	_	_
32	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	31	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
34	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	38	advmod	_	_
35	since	since	SCONJ	IN	_	38	mark	_	_
36	To	to	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	pigmy	pigmy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj	_	_
41	forge	forge	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
42	from	from	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
43	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	44	amod	_	_
44	ores	ore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obl	_	_
45	For	for	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
46	aye	aye	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	49	det:predet	_	_
47	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	49	nmod:poss	_	_
48	clanging	clanging	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
51	shield	shield	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	_
52	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
53	spear	spear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
54	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	57	punct	_	_
55	On	on	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
56	stony	stony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	57	amod	_	_
57	anvils	anvil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
58	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	59	punct	_	_
59	waiting	wait	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	41	advcl	_	_
60	still	still	ADV	RB	_	62	advmod	_	_
61	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	59	obl	_	_
63	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	64	case	_	_
64	vengeance	vengeance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	nmod	_	_
65	on	on	ADP	IN	_	67	case	_	_
66	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	67	det	_	_
67	Gael	Gael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	64	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
68	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thunder** | participle |  | dread response and billow beat and halls and rock *not said here* |  | sea caves |  | off *property* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **vault** | participle |  | rock *not said here* |  |  |  | neath the eternal hills  race Tuatha | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **change** | past | pigmy | race Tuatha *not said here* |  |  |  | long *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tuatha=Patient |
| 4 | **forge** | present | that |  |  | molten ores for ores's clanging weapons and shield or spear and stony anvils |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent from ore=Material |
| 5 | **wait** | gerund | that *not said here* |  |  |  | day |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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