---
title: Then first the Gael Hurled forth this taunt; ‘The Firbolg, bribed by… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then first the Gael Hurled forth this taunt; ‘The Firbolg, bribed by Meave, Has sold his ancient friend!’ Who acts: Gael, Firbolg. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 13, sentence 185

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Then first the Gael Hurled forth this taunt; ‘The Firbolg, bribed by Meave, Has sold his ancient friend!’

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**Who acts:** Gael, Firbolg · **What happens:** hurl, bribe, sell · **To what, where:** taunt, Firbolg, ancient friend

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gael, Firbolg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:13:187
# text = Then first the Gael Hurled forth this taunt; ‘The Firbolg, bribed by Meave, Has sold his ancient friend!’
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Gael	Gael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	Hurled	hurl	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	det	_	_
8	taunt	taunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
10	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	Firbolg	Firbolg	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	bribed	bribe	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Meave	Meave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	Has	Has	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	sold	sell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
20	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
21	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurl** | past | the Gael | this taunt |  |  | then | first, forth *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent taunt=Theme |
| 2 | **bribe** | participle |  | the Firbolg *not said here* |  |  |  | by Meave | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **sell** | past | the Firbolg | Has's ancient friend |  |  |  | Has *nsubj* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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