---
title: Changed once more The martial songs to amorous and of mirth, And onc… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Changed once more The martial songs to amorous and of mirth, And once again the torches’ golden flame Laughed on the cup new-brimmed. Who acts: torches. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 13, with its dependency tree a
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 13, sentence 58

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Changed once more The martial songs to amorous and of mirth, And once again the torches’ golden flame Laughed on the cup new-brimmed.

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**Who acts:** torches · **What happens:** change, laugh, brim, flame · **To what, where:** golden flame, cup

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (torches), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:13:60
# text = Changed once more The martial songs to amorous and of mirth, And once again the torches’ golden flame Laughed on the cup new-brimmed.
1	Changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
3	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	1	advmod	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	martial	martial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl:agent	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	amorous	amorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	nmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	mirth	mirth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
13	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
14	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	15	advmod	_	_
15	again	again	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	torches	torch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
21	Laughed	laugh	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	acl	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	cup	cup	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	brimmed	brim	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | the martial songs to amorous and mirth and the torches's golden flame *obl:agent* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **laugh** | participle |  | the torches's golden flame *not said here* |  | the cup |  |  | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **brim** | participle |  | the cup *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flame** |  | the torches |  |  |  |  |  | nom flame «process intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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