---
title: Beauteous as the dawn Next morn two shepherd boys seeking a lamb Cam… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Beauteous as the dawn Next morn two shepherd boys seeking a lamb Came on the sick man in his forest nook; Long time they gazed on him compassionate; With voice benign and tendance angel-like Onward into his confidence they crept; His lips with milk, the purest, they refreshed; They placed the dewy w
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 14, sentence 33

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Beauteous as the dawn Next morn two shepherd boys seeking a lamb Came on the sick man in his forest nook; Long time they gazed on him compassionate; With voice benign and tendance angel-like Onward into his confidence they crept; His lips with milk, the purest, they refreshed; They placed the dewy wood flowers in his hand; They sang him ballads old, not battle-songs, Too loud such songs they deemed, but Fairy lore, Or tale of lovers fleeing tyrant’s rage: Among the last unwittingly they sang ‘Cuchullain’s Wooing;’ how the youth had found Eimer, the loveliest lady of the land Within her bowery pleasaunce, girt with maids Harping, or broidering fair in scarf deep-dyed Blossom or insect: how he sued; and how She answered; ‘Woo my sister: woo not me!’

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Next morn shepherd boys, men, ballads, lovers, maids, Leagh · **What happens:** seek, gaze, creep, refresh, place, sing · **To what, where:** lamb Came, confidence, dewy wood flowers, hand, Leagh, loud such songs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Next morn shepherd boys, men, ballads, lovers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

<!-- .note-en -->
**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:14:35
# text = Beauteous as the dawn Next morn two shepherd boys seeking a lamb Came on the sick man in his forest nook; Long time they gazed on him compassionate; With voice benign and tendance angel-like Onward into his confidence they crept; His lips with milk, the purest, they refreshed; They placed the dewy wood flowers in his hand; They sang him ballads old, not battle-songs, Too loud such songs they deemed, but Fairy lore, Or tale of lovers fleeing tyrant’s rage: Among the last unwittingly they sang ‘Cuchullain’s Wooing;’ how the youth had found Eimer, the loveliest lady of the land Within her bowery pleasaunce, girt with maids Harping, or broidering fair in scarf deep-dyed Blossom or insect: how he sued; and how She answered; ‘Woo my sister: woo not me!’
1	Beauteous	beauteous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dawn	dawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	Next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
6	morn	morn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	_
8	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	seeking	seek	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	lamb	lamb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	Came	came	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	21	nmod:poss	_	_
20	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	nook	nook	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
23	Long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl:unmarked	_	_
25	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	gazed	gaze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
27	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	obl	_	_
29	compassionate	compassionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	With	with	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
33	benign	benign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	conj	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
35	tendance	tendance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	compound	_	_
36	angel	angel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	38	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	like	like	INTJ	UH	_	36	discourse	_	_
39	Onward	onward	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
40	into	into	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	42	nmod:poss	_	_
42	confidence	confidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
43	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj	_	_
44	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
45	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	lips	lip	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	parataxis	_	_
48	with	with	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	52	det	_	_
52	purest	pure	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	47	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
53	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	55	punct	_	_
54	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	55	nsubj	_	_
55	refreshed	refresh	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	52	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
56	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	58	punct	_	_
57	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
58	placed	place	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
59	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	62	det	_	_
60	dewy	dewy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	62	amod	_	_
61	wood	wood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	62	compound	_	_
62	flowers	flower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	58	obj	_	_
63	in	in	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
64	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	65	nmod:poss	_	_
65	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	58	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
66	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	68	punct	_	_
67	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	68	nsubj	_	_
68	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	conj	_	_
69	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	68	obj	_	_
70	ballads	ballad	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	71	nsubj	_	_
71	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
72	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	76	punct	_	_
73	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	76	advmod	_	_
74	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
75	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	74	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
76	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	68	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
77	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	81	punct	_	_
78	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	79	advmod	_	_
79	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
80	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	81	amod	_	_
81	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	76	conj	_	_
82	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	83	nsubj	_	_
83	deemed	deem	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	81	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
84	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	87	punct	_	_
85	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	87	cc	_	_
86	Fairy	fairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	87	amod	_	_
87	lore	lore	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	76	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
88	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	90	punct	_	_
89	Or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	90	cc	_	_
90	tale	tale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	87	appos	_	_
91	of	of	ADP	IN	_	92	case	_	_
92	lovers	lover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	90	nmod	_	_
93	fleeing	flee	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	92	acl	_	_
94	tyrant	tyrant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	96	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
95	’s	's	PART	POS	_	94	case	_	_
96	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	93	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
97	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	100	punct	_	_
98	Among	among	ADP	IN	_	100	case	_	_
99	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	100	det	_	_
100	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	76	conj	_	_
101	unwittingly	unwittingly	ADV	RB	_	103	advmod	_	_
102	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	103	nsubj	_	_
103	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	100	advcl	_	_
104	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	106	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
105	Cuchullain	Cuchullain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	106	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
106	’s	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	103	conj	_	_
107	Wooing	woo	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	106	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
108	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
109	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	114	punct	_	_
110	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	114	advmod	_	_
111	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	112	det	_	_
112	youth	youth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	nsubj:pass	_	_
113	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	114	aux	_	_
114	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	parataxis	_	_
115	Eimer	Eimer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	114	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
116	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	119	punct	_	_
117	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	119	det	_	_
118	loveliest	lovely	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	119	amod	_	_
119	lady	lady	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	115	appos	_	_
120	of	of	ADP	IN	_	122	case	_	_
121	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	122	det	_	_
122	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	119	nmod	_	_
123	Within	within	ADP	IN	_	126	case	_	_
124	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	126	nmod:poss	_	_
125	bowery	bowery	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	126	amod	_	_
126	pleasaunce	pleasaunce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	114	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
127	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	128	punct	_	_
128	girt	girt	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	114	ccomp	_	_
129	with	with	ADP	IN	_	130	case	_	_
130	maids	maid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	128	obl	_	_
131	Harping	harp	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	130	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
132	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	134	punct	_	_
133	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	134	cc	_	_
134	broidering	broider	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	131	conj	_	_
135	fair	fair	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	134	xcomp	_	_
136	in	in	ADP	IN	_	137	case	_	_
137	scarf	scarf	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	134	obl	_	_
138	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	141	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
139	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	138	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
140	dyed	dye	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	141	amod	_	_
141	Blossom	blossom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	137	appos	_	_
142	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	143	cc	_	_
143	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	141	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
144	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	147	punct	_	_
145	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	147	advmod	_	_
146	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	147	nsubj	_	_
147	sued	sue	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	131	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
148	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	152	punct	_	_
149	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	152	cc	_	_
150	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	152	advmod	_	_
151	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	152	nsubj	_	_
152	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
153	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	155	punct	_	_
154	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	155	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
155	Woo	woo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	152	ccomp	_	_
156	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	157	nmod:poss	_	_
157	sister	sister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	155	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
158	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	159	punct	_	_
159	woo	woo	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	155	conj	_	_
160	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	159	advmod	_	_
161	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	159	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
162	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	155	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
163	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	155	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | gerund | Next morn shepherd boys *not said here* | a lamb Came |  |  |  | on the sick man in Leagh's forest nook | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent came=Theme on man=Location |
| 2 | **gaze** | past | men *= man* |  |  |  | time | on Leagh; compassionate *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent on he=Theme |
| 3 | **creep** | past | men *= man* | Leagh's confidence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location confidence=Theme |
| 4 | **refresh** | past | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **place** | past | men *= man* | the dewy wood flowers |  | Leagh's hand |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flower=Theme in hand=Destination |
| 6 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | men *= man* | Leagh |  |  |  | battle songs and loud such songs but Fairy lore *obl* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location he=Theme |
| 7 | **deem** | past | ballads *= ballad* | loud such songs *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent song=Attribute |
| 8 | **flee** | gerund | lovers *not said here* | tyrant's rage |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme rage=Initial\_Location |
| 9 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | ballads *= ballad* |  |  |  |  | unwittingly *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 10 | **woo** | gerund | ballads *= ballad* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **find** | past · perfect · passive |  | the youth |  |  |  | within Eimer's bowery pleasaunce; Eimer *obj* | tree rules |
| 12 | **girt** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with maids | tree rules |
| 13 | **harp** | gerund | maids *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 14 | **broider** | gerund | maids *not said here* |  |  | scarf |  | fair *property* | tree rules |
| 15 | **dye** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 16 | **sue** | past | Leagh |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 17 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | Eimer |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 18 | **woo** | infinitive |  | my sister |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sister=Patient |
| 19 | **not** **woo** | infinitive |  | me |  |  |  |  | vn compel-59.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 21 | **confide** |  | Leagh |  |  |  |  |  | nom confidence «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |
| 22 | **tell** |  | lovers |  |  |  |  |  | nom tale «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
| 23 | **rage** |  | tyrant |  |  |  |  |  | nom rage «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

<!-- /div -->

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