---
title: Old friendships died; And from the dust of ages injuries old Leaped… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Old friendships died; And from the dust of ages injuries old Leaped up like warriors armed. Who acts: Old friendships. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 14, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 14, sentence 59

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Old friendships died; And from the dust of ages injuries old Leaped up like warriors armed.

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**Who acts:** Old friendships · **What happens:** die, leap up · **To what, where:** dust, armed

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Old friendships), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:14:61
# text = Old friendships died; And from the dust of ages injuries old Leaped up like warriors armed.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	friendships	friendship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	dust	dust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	ages	age	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	injuries	injury	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl:unmarked	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
13	Leaped	leap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	acl	_	_
14	up	up	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
17	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | past | Old friendships |  |  | the dust of ages |  |  | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V PP.cause»: agent=Patient from dust=Causer |
| 2 | **leap up** | participle |  | armed like warriors |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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