---
title: In Erin’s earlier age there reigned two kings: Each had a swineherd… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: In Erin’s earlier age there reigned two kings: Each had a swineherd who, through magic power, Assumed what form he would of shapes that live In heaven, or earth, or sea. Who acts: shapes. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, 
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 14, sentence 64

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Erin’s earlier age there reigned two kings: Each had a swineherd who, through magic power, Assumed what form he would of shapes that live In heaven, or earth, or sea.

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**Who acts:** shapes · **What happens:** reign, have, assume, form, live · **To what, where:** two kings, earlier age, swineherd, magic power, earth, heaven

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 14. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shapes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:14:66
# text = In Erin’s earlier age there reigned two kings: Each had a swineherd who, through magic power, Assumed what form he would of shapes that live In heaven, or earth, or sea.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	Erin	Erin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	’s	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	amod	_	_
5	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
7	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	advmod	_	_
12	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	swineherd	swineherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	through	through	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	magic	magic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	Assumed	assume	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
22	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	nsubj	_	_
23	form	form	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	parataxis	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl	_	_
28	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	29	nsubj	_	_
29	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	acl:relcl	_	_
30	In	in	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
36	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
37	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past |  | two kings |  | there | in Erin's earlier age |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | past |  | a swineherd through magic power  a swineherd through magic power  a swineherd |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swineherd=Patient |
| 3 | **assume** | participle |  | magic power  a swineherd through magic power  a swineherd through magic power *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn adopt-93.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **form** | present |  | earth or sea |  |  |  | what *nsubj* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **live** | present | shapes |  |  | heaven |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heaven=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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