---
title: Those shepherd youths Tended him still, or sang beside his bed; And… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Those shepherd youths Tended him still, or sang beside his bed; And ofttimes o’er his face the tears of Leagh In passionate gust descended. Who acts: shepherd youths, ofttimes. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 15, wi
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 15, sentence 203

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Those shepherd youths Tended him still, or sang beside his bed; And ofttimes o’er his face the tears of Leagh In passionate gust descended.

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**Who acts:** shepherd youths, ofttimes · **What happens:** tend, sing, descend · **To what, where:** Orloff, bed

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shepherd youths, ofttimes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:15:205
# text = Those shepherd youths Tended him still, or sang beside his bed; And ofttimes o’er his face the tears of Leagh In passionate gust descended.
1	Those	that	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
2	shepherd	shepherd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	youths	youth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	Tended	tend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	still	still	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	ofttimes	ofttime	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
16	o’er	o'er	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Leagh	Leagh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	In	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	passionate	passionate	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	gust	gust	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
26	descended	descend	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tend** | past | that shepherd youths | Orloff |  |  | still |  | vn caring-75.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | that shepherd youths *not said here* |  |  | Orloff's bed |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beside bed=Location |
| 3 | **descend** | participle | ofttimes o'er Orloff's face |  |  |  |  | the tears of Leagh in passionate gust *nsubj* | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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