---
title: From below Writhing in torment of their rage they heaved The grassy… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: From below Writhing in torment of their rage they heaved The grassy surface upward into waves Now swelling, now descending. Who acts: works, waves. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and th
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 15, sentence 238

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From below Writhing in torment of their rage they heaved The grassy surface upward into waves Now swelling, now descending.

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**Who acts:** works, waves · **What happens:** heave, swell, descend, torment, rage · **To what, where:** grassy surface, Writhing, rage

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (works, waves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:15:240
# text = From below Writhing in torment of their rage they heaved The grassy surface upward into waves Now swelling, now descending.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	below	below	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	Writhing	writhing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	torment	torment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	rage	rage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	heaved	heave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	grassy	grassy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
14	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	into	into	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	18	advmod	_	_
18	swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	21	advmod	_	_
21	descending	descend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **heave** | past | works *= work* | the grassy surface |  | Writhing in torment of works's rage |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **swell** | gerund | waves |  |  |  | now |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **descend** | gerund | waves *not said here* |  |  |  | now |  | vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **torment** |  |  | works's rage |  |  |  |  | nom torment «state transitive»: of=patient |
| 5 | **rage** |  | works *= work* |  |  |  |  |  | nom rage «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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