---
title: To hear from shadowy cliff and cavern hollow Through glistening air… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: To hear from shadowy cliff and cavern hollow Through glistening air the clarion’s echo break, And mark, o’er wide green plain, and purple mere, The mountain-wall its glooming bastion rear Who acts: mark, break, clarion. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic a
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 5, sentence 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To hear from shadowy cliff and cavern hollow Through glistening air the clarion’s echo break, And mark, o’er wide green plain, and purple mere, The mountain-wall its glooming bastion rear

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**Who acts:** mark, break, clarion · **What happens:** hear, hollow, glisten, plain, gloom, break · **To what, where:** shadowy cliff, air, mountain wall, bastion rear

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mark, break, clarion), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:5:2
# text = To hear from shadowy cliff and cavern hollow Through glistening air the clarion’s echo break, And mark, o’er wide green plain, and purple mere, The mountain-wall its glooming bastion rear
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	hear	hear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	shadowy	shadowy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cavern	cavern	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	hollow	hollow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	Through	through	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	glistening	glisten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	clarion	clarion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	’s	's	PART	POS	_	13	case	_	_
15	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
19	mark	mark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
21	o’er	o'er	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
22	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	plain	plain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	purple	purple	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	mere	mere	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
31	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	31	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
34	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
35	glooming	gloom	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	33	acl:relcl	_	_
36	bastion	bastion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	37	compound	_	_
37	rear	rear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obj	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | shadowy cliff and cavern |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from cliff=Source |
| 2 | **hollow** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn clear-10.3 «NP V NP.source»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **glisten** | gerund |  | air |  |  |  | the clarion's echo break *obj* | tree rules |
| 4 | **plain** |  | mark and o’er | the mountain wall |  |  |  | purple mere *conj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **gloom** | gerund | break | bastion rear |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **break** |  | the clarion |  |  |  |  |  | nom break «event transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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