---
title: The courtier smiled, and bowed, ‘I hear, and heed:’ And Conor thus;… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: The courtier smiled, and bowed, ‘I hear, and heed:’ And Conor thus; ‘True friend is friend at need!’ Who acts: courtier, I. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 5, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 5, sentence 50

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The courtier smiled, and bowed, ‘I hear, and heed:’ And Conor thus; ‘True friend is friend at need!’

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**Who acts:** courtier, I · **What happens:** smile, bow, hear, be · **To what, where:** friend friend, need

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (courtier, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:5:50
# text = The courtier smiled, and bowed, ‘I hear, and heed:’ And Conor thus; ‘True friend is friend at need!’
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	courtier	courtier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	smiled	smile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	bowed	bow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	hear	hear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	heed	heed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	’	'	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	Conor	Conor	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
18	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
20	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	True	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
23	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
24	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	need	need	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	24	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	24	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smile** | past | the courtier |  |  |  |  | heed and ’ and Conor *parataxis* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **bow** | participle | the courtier *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **hear** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is a** | present |  | friend friend |  | need |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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