---
title: The men of Erin reared the funeral stone, And piled the cairn, in Og… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: The men of Erin reared the funeral stone, And piled the cairn, in Ogham characters Cyphering the sorrows of the Four thereon: And, age by age, that legend grey avers, Sad voices issuing from that grave foretold The fates of lovers young and kingdoms old. Who acts: men, Ogham characters, age, Sad voi
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 7, sentence 85

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The men of Erin reared the funeral stone, And piled the cairn, in Ogham characters Cyphering the sorrows of the Four thereon: And, age by age, that legend grey avers, Sad voices issuing from that grave foretold The fates of lovers young and kingdoms old.

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**Who acts:** men, Ogham characters, age, Sad voices · **What happens:** rear, pile, cypher, aver, issue, foretell · **To what, where:** funeral stone, cairn, Ogham characters, sorrows, Sad voices, grave

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 7. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (men, Ogham characters, age, Sad voices), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:7:85
# text = The men of Erin reared the funeral stone, And piled the cairn, in Ogham characters Cyphering the sorrows of the Four thereon: And, age by age, that legend grey avers, Sad voices issuing from that grave foretold The fates of lovers young and kingdoms old.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Erin	Erin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	reared	rear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	funeral	funeral	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	piled	pile	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cairn	cairn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	Ogham	Ogham	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	characters	character	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
18	Cyphering	cypher	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	sorrows	sorrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	Four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	appos	_	_
24	thereon	thereon	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
26	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nsubj	_	_
29	by	by	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
33	legend	legend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	compound	_	_
34	grey	grey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	conj	_	_
35	avers	aver	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
37	Sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
39	issuing	issue	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	38	acl	_	_
40	from	from	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	42	det	_	_
42	grave	grave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	obl	_	_
43	foretold	foretell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	39	advcl	_	_
44	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	fates	fate	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obj	_	_
46	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	lovers	lover	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	nmod	_	_
48	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
49	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
50	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	51	obl:unmarked	_	_
51	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	48	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rear** | past | the men of Erin | the funeral stone |  |  |  |  | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Patient |
| 2 | **pile** | past | the men of Erin *not said here* | the cairn |  | Ogham characters |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent cairn=Theme in character=Destination |
| 3 | **cypher** | gerund | Ogham characters *not said here* | the sorrows |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **aver** | present | age by age and that legend grey | Sad voices |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **issue** | gerund | Sad voices *not said here* |  |  | that grave |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **foretell** | participle | Sad voices *not said here* | the fates of lovers |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fate=Theme |
| 7 | **fate** |  |  | lovers |  |  |  |  | nom fate «event transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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