---
title: Sadness before her fled: in years long past As on a cliff the warrio… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Sadness before her fled: in years long past As on a cliff the warriors sang their songs A harper maid, with eyes that stared aghast, Had chaunted, ‘Not to us this isle belongs! Who acts: Sadness, warriors, eyes, isle. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 8, sentence 11

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Sadness before her fled: in years long past As on a cliff the warriors sang their songs A harper maid, with eyes that stared aghast, Had chaunted, ‘Not to us this isle belongs!

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**Who acts:** Sadness, warriors, eyes, isle, palm · **What happens:** flee, sing, stare, chaunt, belong · **To what, where:** cliff, songs, us

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Sadness, warriors, eyes, isle), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:8:11
# text = Sadness before her fled: in years long past As on a cliff the warriors sang their songs A harper maid, with eyes that stared aghast, Had chaunted, ‘Not to us this isle belongs!
1	Sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	before	before	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	nmod	_	_
4	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
9	past	past	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	As	As	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
11	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	warriors	warrior	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nsubj	_	_
16	sang	sing	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	songs	song	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
19	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	harper	harper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	maid	maid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
23	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obl	_	_
25	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
26	stared	stare	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	acl:relcl	_	_
27	aghast	aghast	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	Had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	chaunted	chaunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
32	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	30	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	35	advmod	_	_
34	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
36	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	37	det	_	_
37	isle	isle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	nsubj	_	_
38	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
39	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | past | Sadness before e’er |  |  | a cliff |  | past As; long *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme past as=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | past | the warriors | palm's songs |  |  |  | with eyes; a harper maid *obj* | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent song=Beneficiary maid=Theme |
| 3 | **stare** | past | eyes |  |  |  |  | aghast *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **chaunt** | past · perfect | Sadness before e’er *not said here* |  | us |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **belong** | present | this isle |  |  |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **sing** |  | palm |  |  |  |  |  | nom song «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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