---
title: Cliffs deep-scarred To milder airs gave welcome festively Upon their… — The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of I… · tree and pragmatics
description: Cliffs deep-scarred To milder airs gave welcome festively Upon their iron breasts and foreheads hard, And, while about their feet the ripples played, Cast o’er the glaring deep a friendlier shade. Who acts: Cliffs, ripples. A sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's hero
---

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# The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age, Opening, part 9, sentence 74

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Cliffs deep-scarred To milder airs gave welcome festively Upon their iron breasts and foreheads hard, And, while about their feet the ripples played, Cast o’er the glaring deep a friendlier shade.

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**Who acts:** Cliffs, ripples · **What happens:** scar, give, play · **To what, where:** Cliffs, welcome iron breasts, Cast

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This is a sentence of «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Opening, part 9. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Cliffs, ripples), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78491:9:75
# text = Cliffs deep-scarred To milder airs gave welcome festively Upon their iron breasts and foreheads hard, And, while about their feet the ripples played, Cast o’er the glaring deep a friendlier shade.
1	Cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
2	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	scarred	scar	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
5	To	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	milder	mild	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	amod	_	_
7	airs	air	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
8	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	welcome	welcome	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
10	festively	festively	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	Upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
13	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	breasts	breast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	foreheads	forehead	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
17	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
19	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
21	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
22	about	about	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	obl	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	ripples	ripple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	nsubj	_	_
27	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Cast	Cast	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	o’er	o'er	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
32	glaring	glaring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	33	amod	_	_
33	deep	deep	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	27	conj	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
35	friendlier	friendly	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	36	amod	_	_
36	shade	shade	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **scar** | participle |  | Cliffs *not said here* |  |  |  | to milder airs | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | past | Cliffs | cliffs's welcome iron breasts and foreheads |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breast=Theme |
| 3 | **play** | past | the ripples | Cast |  |  |  | about cliffs's feet | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cast=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «The foray of Queen Meave, and other legends of Ireland's heroic age» by Aubrey De Vere, Project Gutenberg book 78491 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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