--- title: The lake was frozen over For many months in the year; One day, when… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: The lake was frozen over For many months in the year; One day, when she cut away The ice, she saw in the water A pair of wonderful eyes Steadily gazing at her; Bright eyes which charmed her so That she could not move a hand; Then she saw a handsome face And a graceful slender young man, Who rose fro --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/119/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/) / 119 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 13, sentence 119 The lake was frozen over For many months in the year; One day, when she cut away The ice, she saw in the water A pair of wonderful eyes Steadily gazing at her; Bright eyes which charmed her so That she could not move a hand; Then she saw a handsome face And a graceful slender young man, Who rose from the glittering water, And he himself, like it, Glittered from head to foot; On his breast were \_nʾskemanul\_, Or shining silvery plates. **Who acts:** Passion, Bright eyes, graceful slender young man · **What happens:** freeze over, cut away, see, gaze, charm, not move · **To what, where:** lake, ice, pair, water, Passion, hand This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 13. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Passion, Bright eyes, graceful slender young man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:13:119 # text = The lake was frozen over For many months in the year; One day, when she cut away The ice, she saw in the water A pair of wonderful eyes Steadily gazing at her; Bright eyes which charmed her so That she could not move a hand; Then she saw a handsome face And a graceful slender young man, Who rose from the glittering water, And he himself, like it, Glittered from head to foot; On his breast were _nʾskemanul_, Or shining silvery plates. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 lake lake NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 frozen freeze VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 over over ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 For for ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 months month NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 year year NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ SpaceAfter=No 12 ; ; PUNCT : _ 14 punct _ _ 13 One one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 14 nummod _ _ 14 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 15 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 16 when when SCONJ WRB _ 18 mark _ _ 17 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 cut cut VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 19 away away ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 20 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 ice ice NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 24 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 25 in in ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 28 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 pair pair NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obj _ _ 30 of of ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 31 wonderful wonderful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 32 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 nmod _ _ 33 Steadily steadily ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 gazing gaze VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 24 advcl _ _ 35 at at ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 37 ; ; PUNCT : _ 41 punct _ _ 38 Bright bright ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 eyes eye NOUN NNS Number=Plur 41 nsubj _ _ 40 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 41 nsubj _ _ 41 charmed charm VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 conj _ _ 42 her she PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 obj _ _ 43 so so SCONJ IN ExtPos=SCONJ 48 mark _ _ 44 That that PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 43 fixed _ _ 45 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 nsubj _ _ 46 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 47 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 48 advmod _ _ 48 move move VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 advcl _ _ 49 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 50 det _ _ 50 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 51 ; ; PUNCT : _ 54 punct _ _ 52 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 54 advmod _ _ 53 she she PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 54 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ _ 55 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 56 handsome handsome ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 57 amod _ _ 57 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obj _ _ 58 And and CCONJ CC _ 63 cc _ _ 59 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 60 graceful graceful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 63 amod _ _ 61 slender slender ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 63 amod _ _ 62 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 63 amod _ _ 63 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 conj _ SpaceAfter=No 64 , , PUNCT , _ 66 punct _ _ 65 Who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 66 nsubj _ _ 66 rose rise VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 63 acl:relcl _ _ 67 from from ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 68 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 70 det _ _ 69 glittering glittering NOUN NN Number=Sing 70 compound _ _ 70 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 66 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 71 , , PUNCT , _ 74 punct _ _ 72 And and CCONJ CC _ 74 cc _ _ 73 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 74 nsubj _ _ 74 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 54 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 75 , , PUNCT , _ 77 punct _ _ 76 like like ADP IN _ 77 case _ _ 77 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 78 , , PUNCT , _ 79 punct _ _ 79 Glittered glitter VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 54 conj _ _ 80 from from ADP IN _ 81 case _ _ 81 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 79 obl _ _ 82 to to ADP IN _ 83 case _ _ 83 foot foot NOUN NN Number=Sing 79 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 84 ; ; PUNCT : _ 90 punct _ _ 85 On on ADP IN _ 87 case _ _ 86 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 87 nmod:poss _ _ 87 breast breast NOUN NN Number=Sing 90 obl _ _ 88 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 90 cop _ _ 89 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 90 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 90 nʾskemanul nʾskemanul ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 parataxis _ SpaceAfter=No 91 _ _ PUNCT NFP _ 90 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 92 , , PUNCT , _ 94 punct _ _ 93 Or or CCONJ CC _ 94 cc _ _ 94 shining shine VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 90 advcl _ _ 95 silvery silvery ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 96 amod _ _ 96 plates plate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 94 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 97 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **freeze over** | past · passive | | the lake | | | month | over *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result | | 2 | **cut away** | present | Passion | the ice | | | day | away *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ice=Product | | 3 | **see** | past | Passion | a pair of wonderful eyes | | the water | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pair=Stimulus | | 4 | **gaze** | gerund | Passion *not said here* | | | | | at Passion; steadily *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at she=Theme | | 5 | **charm** | past | Bright eyes | Passion | | | | which *nsubj* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer | | 6 | **not** **move** | could | Passion | a hand | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hand=Theme | | 7 | **see** | past | Passion | a handsome face and a graceful slender young man | | | then | like lake; man *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus | | 8 | **rise** | past | a graceful slender young man | | | the glittering water | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from water=Initial\_Location | | 9 | **glitter** | participle | Passion *not said here* | | | head | | to foot | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **is** | past | | | | man's breast | | nʾskemanul *property* | tree rules | | 11 | **shine** | gerund | | silvery plates | | | | | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent plate=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 118](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/118/) - next →: [sentence 120](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/120/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/13/)