---
title: But Lacote knew to whom he owed ill-luck. — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: But Lacote knew to whom he owed ill-luck. Who acts: Lacote. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 15, sentence 62

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But Lacote knew to whom he owed ill-luck.

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**Who acts:** Lacote · **What happens:** know, owe · **To what, where:** ill luck

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lacote), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:15:63
# text = But Lacote knew to whom he owed ill-luck.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Lacote	Lacote	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	3	obl	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	owed	owe	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	ill	ill	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Lacote |  |  |  |  | whom *obl* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **owe** | past | Lacote | ill luck |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent luck=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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