---
title: I’ve often heard him singing in the night All low and weird, and whe… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: I’ve often heard him singing in the night All low and weird, and when the morning dawned, He’d tell me what his partner’s luck had been. Who acts: I, morning, Lacote, luck. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 15, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 15, sentence 66

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I’ve often heard him singing in the night All low and weird, and when the morning dawned, He’d tell me what his partner’s luck had been.

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**Who acts:** I, morning, Lacote, luck · **What happens:** hear, sing, dawn, tell, be · **To what, where:** Lacote, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 15. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, morning, Lacote, luck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:15:69
# text = I’ve often heard him singing in the night All low and weird, and when the morning dawned, He’d tell me what his partner’s luck had been.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	’ve	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	often	often	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	singing	sing	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	All	all	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	low	low	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	weird	weird	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
16	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	dawned	dawn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	’d	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
24	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	23	iobj	_	_
25	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	23	obj	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	partner	partner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	’s	's	PART	POS	_	27	case	_	_
29	luck	luck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	nsubj	_	_
30	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	31	aux	_	_
31	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | present · perfect | I | Lacote |  |  |  | often *property* | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer he=Stimulus |
| 2 | **sing** *speech: express* | gerund | I *not said here* |  |  |  | night |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **dawn** | past | the morning |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* | would | Lacote |  | me |  |  | what *obj* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** | past · perfect | Lacote's partner's luck |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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