--- title: Now these were hideous River-elves, and when they had beheld The Ind… — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics description: Now these were hideous River-elves, and when they had beheld The Indians, they called to them: “O ye of fairer face And better looks go back,” and then tipped over their canoe, Which, as it rolled, the Indians perceived to be of stone, And nevermore thereafter did they see the River-elves, Who when --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/42/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [tales](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/) / [Kulóskap the master, and other Algonki…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/) / [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/) / 42 # Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 42 Now these were hideous River-elves, and when they had beheld The Indians, they called to them: “O ye of fairer face And better looks go back,” and then tipped over their canoe, Which, as it rolled, the Indians perceived to be of stone, And nevermore thereafter did they see the River-elves, Who when the loud-voiced Whites had settled all the country-side, Withdrew far up the rushing stream where no canoe may pass Save only stone ones. **Who acts:** these, ELVES, O, canoe, Indians · **What happens:** be, behold, call, go back, tip, roll · **To what, where:** hideous River elves, waves, canoe, River elves, stone ones, Save · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (these, ELVES, O, canoe), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. **Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = book:pg78673:16:42 # text = Now these were hideous River-elves, and when they had beheld The Indians, they called to them: “O ye of fairer face And better looks go back,” and then tipped over their canoe, Which, as it rolled, the Indians perceived to be of stone, And nevermore thereafter did they see the River-elves, Who when the loud-voiced Whites had settled all the country-side, Withdrew far up the rushing stream where no canoe may pass Save only stone ones. 1 Now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 7 advmod _ _ 2 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 7 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 4 hideous hideous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 5 River River PROPN NNP Number=Sing 7 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 6 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 5 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 7 elves elf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 8 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 10 when when ADV WRB PronType=Int 13 advmod _ _ 11 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 12 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 aux _ _ 13 beheld behold VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ _ 14 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Indians Indian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 13 obl:agent _ SpaceAfter=No 16 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 18 called call VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 21 : : PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 22 “ " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 23 O o X GW _ 31 nsubj _ _ 24 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 31 nsubj _ _ 25 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 26 fairer fair ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 27 amod _ _ 27 face face NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 28 And and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 better good ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 30 amod _ _ 30 looks look NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ _ 31 go go VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 parataxis _ _ 32 back back ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ SpaceAfter=No 33 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 34 ” " PUNCT '' _ 18 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 37 cc _ _ 36 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 37 advmod _ _ 37 tipped tip VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 38 over over ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ _ 40 canoe canoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 obl _ SpaceAfter=No 41 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 42 Which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 46 nsubj _ SpaceAfter=No 43 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 44 as as SCONJ IN _ 46 mark _ _ 45 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 nsubj _ _ 46 rolled roll VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 40 acl:relcl _ SpaceAfter=No 47 , , PUNCT , _ 50 punct _ _ 48 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 49 det _ _ 49 Indians Indian PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 50 nsubj _ _ 50 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 46 conj _ _ 51 to to PART TO _ 54 mark _ _ 52 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 54 cop _ _ 53 of of ADP IN _ 54 case _ _ 54 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 50 ccomp _ SpaceAfter=No 55 , , PUNCT , _ 61 punct _ _ 56 And and CCONJ CC _ 61 cc _ _ 57 nevermore nevermore ADV RB _ 58 advmod _ _ 58 thereafter thereafter ADV RB _ 61 advmod _ _ 59 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 61 aux _ _ 60 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 61 nsubj _ _ 61 see see VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 18 conj _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 65 det _ _ 63 River River PROPN NNP Number=Sing 65 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 64 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 63 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 65 elves elf NOUN NNS Number=Plur 61 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 66 , , PUNCT , _ 75 punct _ _ 67 Who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 75 nsubj:pass _ _ 68 when when SCONJ WRB _ 75 mark _ _ 69 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 73 det _ _ 70 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 73 amod _ SpaceAfter=No 71 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 70 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 72 voiced voiced ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 73 amod _ _ 73 Whites white NOUN NNS Number=Plur 75 nsubj:pass _ _ 74 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 75 aux _ _ 75 settled settle VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 65 acl _ _ 76 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 80 det:predet _ _ 77 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 80 det _ _ 78 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 80 compound _ SpaceAfter=No 79 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 78 punct _ SpaceAfter=No 80 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 75 obl:unmarked _ SpaceAfter=No 81 , , PUNCT , _ 82 punct _ _ 82 Withdrew Withdrew PROPN NNP Number=Sing 65 nmod _ _ 83 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 92 advmod _ _ 84 up up ADP IN _ 87 case _ _ 85 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 87 det _ _ 86 rushing rush VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 87 amod _ _ 87 stream stream NOUN NN Number=Sing 92 obl _ _ 88 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 92 advmod _ _ 89 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 90 det _ _ 90 canoe canoe NOUN NN Number=Sing 92 nsubj _ _ 91 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 92 aux _ _ 92 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 61 advcl _ _ 93 Save Save PROPN NNP Number=Sing 92 obj _ _ 94 only only ADV RB _ 96 advmod _ _ 95 stone stone NOUN NN Number=Sing 96 compound _ _ 96 ones one NOUN NNS Number=Plur 92 obj _ SpaceAfter=No 97 . . PUNCT . _ 18 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | these | hideous River elves | | | now | | tree rules | | 2 | **behold** | past · perfect | ELVES *= elf* | | | | | the Indians *obl:agent* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | | 3 | **call** *speech: assert* | past | ELVES *= elf* | | waves *= wave* | | | | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Agent to they=Recipient clause=Topic | | 4 | **go back** *in a quote* | present | O | | | | | of fairer face and better looks; ye *nsubj* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient | | 5 | **tip** | past | ELVES *= elf* *not said here* | | | waves's canoe | then | | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent over canoe=Destination | | 6 | **roll** | past | waves's canoe | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 7 | **perceive** | past | the Indians | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 8 | **is** | to-infinitive | the Indians *not said here* | | | | | of stone | tree rules | | 9 | **see** | past · do-support | ELVES *= elf* | the River elves Withdrew | | | | thereafter *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer elf=Stimulus | | 10 | **settle** | past · perfect · passive | | the River elves Withdrew | | | | all country side *obl:unmarked*; the loud voiced Whites *nsubj:pass* | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location | | 11 | **rush** | gerund | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 12 | **pass** | may | no canoe | stone ones | Save | | | up the rushing stream; far *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent save=Recipient one=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order. - ← previous: [sentence 41](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/41/) - next →: [sentence 43](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/43/) - ↑ back to [Opening, part 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg78673/16/)