---
title: [60] Long ago the River-elves were around our town. — Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems · tree and pragmatics
description: [60] Long ago the River-elves were around our town. Who acts: River elves. A sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16, with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems, Opening, part 16, sentence 46

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\[60\] Long ago the River-elves were around our town.

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**Who acts:** River elves · **What happens:** be · **To what, where:** town

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This is a sentence of «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Opening, part 16. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (River elves), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

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**Mova's own parse.** This tree may be wrong.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = book:pg78673:16:46
# text = [60] Long ago the River-elves were around our town.
1	[	[	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	]	]	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
5	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	River	River	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	elves	elf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	around	around	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the River elves |  |  | our town |  | our *nmod:poss*; ago *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Text:** «Kulóskap the master, and other Algonkin poems», Project Gutenberg book 78673 (public domain in the USA). **Tree:** Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), the chapter read in order.

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